Antibacterial Activity Testing on Acetyleugenol Against Staphylococcus aereus

Abstract

The main contents of clove oil are phenolic compounds, namely eugenol, eugenol
acetate and gallic acid, as well as flavonoids. One of the derivatives of the eugenol compound is
acetyl eugenol which was developed by the esterification reaction between eugenol and acetic acid
anhydride using the sonochemical method. Synthesis of acetyleugenol was sonicated for 30
minutes at a temperature of 70-80°C. The % yield of the synthesized compound is calculated and
continued with testing which includes solubility, melting point, FTIR and GC-MS tests, which are
then tested for antimicrobial activity. The research results show that eugenol and acetic acid
anhydride compounds with a NaOH catalyst can be synthesized using ultrasonic waves and
produce a % yield of 3.50%. The resulting synthesis can melt starting at a temperature of 30°C
and can dissolve in ethanol, methanol, chloroform and ether but does not dissolve in distilled
water. FTIR testing on the acetyl eugenol compound showed the presence of -OH phenolic groups,
C=C alkenes, C=C aromatics, C-O esters, and C=O esters. Acetyleugenol at concentrations of
1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% was able to act antibacterial on Staphylococcus aureus cultures with
a density of 1.0 X 108 CFU/mL.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Acetyleugenol, Sonochemical, Staphylococcus aureus