In Vitro and in Silico Analysis of Antilipase, Antioxidant, and Optimization of Granule Effervescent from Peronema canescens Jack

Abstract

Obesity results from prolonged energy imbalance, with antiobesity treatment targeting8
pancreatic lipase inhibition. Peronema canescens Jack. (PC) known as sungkai, has
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traditionally been used to treat various ailments. This study aimed to assess PC's antioxidant
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and antilipase activities and optimize effervescent granule formulations. Phytochemical
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screening and TLC were performed, followed by antioxidant analysis via the DPPH method12
and pancreatic antilipase activity using the p-NPB substrate. The ethanol fraction of PC13
= 47.27  g/mL), while the insoluble fraction
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demonstrated potent antioxidant activity (IC
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showed the highest pancreatic antilipase activity (67.65%). GC-MS identified active
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compounds, including dimethyl tetracycline, 2-methoxy-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline, and16
trilaurin, with molecular docking indicating dimethyl tetracycline as the best antilipase17
candidate via binding to the pancreatic receptor (PDB ID: 1LPB). This compound also met18
Lipinski’s Rule of Five and ADMET criteria, indicating favorable pharmacokinetics and
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safety. Evaluation of effervescent granules included angle of repose, bulk density, and tapped20
density, with tartaric and citric acid concentration optimization through Design Expert 1321
yielding two optimal formulas: Formula 1 with 13.16% tartaric acid and 0.84% citric acid,22
and Formula 2 with 13.21% tartaric acid and 0.80% citric acid.
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Keywords: Peronema Canescens Jack., antioxidant, effervescent granules, molecular
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docking, pancreatic antilipase.