Formulation and Characterization of Peel-Off Gel Mask Containing Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Wood Extract with Strong Antioxidant Activity

Abstract

Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) wood contains flavonoid compounds such as brazilin, 3'-Omethylbrazilin,

sappanin chalcone, and sappan chalcone, which act as primary and secondary
antioxidants. Antioxidants are substances that can inhibit oxidation reactions by neutralizing free
radicals. Enhancing the antioxidant potential of C. sappan wood can be achieved by developing a
topical dosage form. Peel-off gel masks are an ideal form due to their ability to improve skin
health and provide ease and comfort in application. This study aimed to formulate a peel -off gel
mask containing C. sappan extract and evaluate its physical properties and antioxidant activity.
The formulations were prepared using 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% extract with sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and propylene glycol as the base. The resulting masks were assessed
for physical characteristics (pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and drying time) and
antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The results indicated that increasing the extract
concentration significantly (p < 0.05) increased viscosity, adhesiveness, and drying time, while
decreasing pH, spreadability, and IC₅₀ value. All formulations demonstrated strong antioxidant
activity (IC₅₀ between 50–100 µg/mL), with IC₅₀ values of 88.71 µg/mL, 81.58 µg/mL, and 79.04
µg/mL, respectively.

Keyword: Caesalpinia sappan, Peel-off gel mask, Formulation Antioxidant, Physical characterization